Isishwankathelo sokuPakisha iVacuum kunye neZixhobo zeNgxowa
Oomatshini bokupakisha nge-vacuum (iigumbi okanye iintlobo zokufunxa) basusa umoya kwingxowa okanye kwigumbi lemveliso, baze bayivale ingxowa ukuze bavale iigesi zangaphandle. Oku kwandisa ubomi beshelufu ngokunciphisa ukuvezwa kweoksijini kunye nokuthintela iintsholongwane ezibolileyo..Ukuze kufezekiswe oku, iingxowa zokucoca kufuneka zidibanise iipropati eziqinileyo zokuthintela kunye nokuqina koomatshini kunye nokuvalwa kobushushu okuthembekileyo..Iingxowa zevacuum eziqhelekileyo ziiplastiki ezineeleya ezininzi, nganye ikhethelwe iimpawu ezifana nomqobo weoksijini/ukufuma, ukumelana nobushushu, ukucaca kunye nokuqina kokubhoboza..
Iingxowa zoVutha zeNylon/PE (PA/PE)
•Ukwakhiwa kunye neempawu:Iingxowa ze-PA/PE zenziwe lulwaleko lwangaphandle lwe-nylon (polyamide) oluxhonywe kumaleko wokutywina wangaphakathi we-polyethylene.Umaleko we-nylon ubonelela ngokubhoboza okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokukrala kunye nomqobo obalulekileyo we-oksijini/ivumba, ngelixa umaleko we-PE uqinisekisa ukuvalwa kobushushu okunamandla nokuba kubushushu obuphantsi..Xa kuthelekiswa nefilimu ye-PE ecacileyo, ii-laminate ze-PA/PE zibonelela nge-oxygen ephezulu kunye nomqobo wevumba kunye nokumelana okungcono kakhulu nokubhoboza.Zikwagcina uzinzo olulinganayo kwiinkqubo zokuqandisa nzulu kunye ne-thermoforming, kwaye zimelana nobushushu obuphakathi ngexesha lokutywinwa.
•Izicelo:Iingxowa ze-PA/PE zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinyama entsha neqandisiweyo (inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu, inyama yenkukhu, ukutya kwaselwandle) kuba i-nylon ayigugi emaphethelweni ethambo kunye neziqwenga ezibukhali..Ezi ngxowa zigcina umbala wenyama kunye nencasa yayo icocekile ngexesha lokugcina ixesha elide. Zikwalungile kakhulu kwiimveliso zetshizi kunye ne-deli, zigcina incasa kunye nobume bayo ngokusika ukungena kweoksijini. Le filimu iqinileyo ikwasebenza nakwiimpahla ezicociweyo, ii-pâtés okanye ukutya okulungisiweyo. Ii-semi-liquids kunye neesosi zinokufakwa kwiingxowa ze-PA/PE; umaleko oqinileyo wokuvala uthintela ukuvuza kwaye ugcina amavumba amnandi..Ngamafutshane, iingxowa ze-PA/PE zilungele nakuphi na ukutya okuneemiphetho ezingalinganiyo okanye eziqinileyo (amathambo, iitships zenyama) ezifuna ukukhenkcezwa ixesha elide okanye ukuqandisa.
•Ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa:Ngaphandle kokutya, ii-laminate ze-PA/PE zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha kwezonyango kunye nezixhobo zoshishino. Ifilimu enomqobo ophezulu nehlala ixesha elide ingacocwa kwaye ivalwe kwiikiti zonyango, ngelixa kwiphakheji ye-elektroniki ilawula ukufuma kwaye yongeza amandla oomatshini..Iileya ezichasene nokunganyakazi okanye ezithintelayo zingongezwa kwiibhodi zesekethe okanye kwizixhobo zekhompyutha. Ngamafutshane, iingxowa ze-PA/PE ziyifilimu esebenza nzima – ezithintelayo kakhulu kwaye zinamandla okubhoboza aphezulu – ziyahambelana nee-vacuum sealers ezininzi (igumbi okanye langaphandle), nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe lolona khetho luphezulu lokupakisha i-vacuum ngokubanzi.
Iingxowa zokucoca umoya zePolyester/PE (PET/PE)
•Ukwakhiwa kunye neempawu:Iingxowa zePolyester/PE (ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziingxowa zePET/PE okanye zePET-LDPE) zisebenzisa umaleko wangaphandle wePET (polyethylene terephthalate) one-PE yangaphakathi.I-PET ibonakala ngokucacileyo, iqinile kwaye izinzile ngokwemilinganiselo, inokumelana okubalaseleyo kweekhemikhali kunye nobushushu.Inomqobo ogqwesileyo weoksijini kunye neoyile, amandla agqwesileyo (5–10× amandla okutsalwa kwe-PE) kwaye igcina iipropati zomzimba kumanqanaba obushushu abanzi..Iingxowa ze-PET/PE ke ngoko zibonelela ngokucaca (iingxowa ezibonayo) kunye nomqobo ophakathi.Ziqinile kwaye azinakulululeka kune-PA/PE, ngoko ke ukumelana nokubhoboza kulungile kodwa akukho phezulu kangako.(Kwizinto ezineendawo ezibukhali kakhulu, umaleko we-nylon ungcono.)
•Izicelo:Iingxowa zokucoca umoya zePET/PE zilungele izinto ezifunaukucaca kunye nokumelana neekhemikhaliZihlala zisetyenziselwa inyama ephekiweyo okanye etshayiweyo kunye nentlanzi apho kufuneka zibonakale khona, umzekelo apho umgangatho wokupakishwa ubalulekile. Ukuqina kwazo kuzenza zivaleke ngobushushu kwiimashini ezizenzekelayo..Ekubeni i-PET izinzile kakuhle kubushushu, iingxowa ze-PET/PE zisebenza kwiimveliso ezifrijini kunye nezikwindawo engqongileyo (umz. iimbotyi zekofu ezipakishwe nge-vacuum okanye iziqholo).Zikwasetyenziswa njengefilimu ephezulu kwimigca yokupakisha i-thermoforming vacuum (ene-PA/EVOH/PE forming web).
•Inqaku lobuchwephesha:Umqobo oqinileyo wePolyester kwiigesi unceda ukugcina ivumba elimnandi, kodwa iPET/PE ecocekileyo ayinawo umqobo onzulu weoksijini kunye nokuqina kokubhoboza kwePA/PE.Enyanisweni, i-PET/PE ngamanye amaxesha iyacetyiswa kwizinto ezithambileyo okanye ezinganzima kakhulu.Umzekelo, iisuphu ezifakwe kwi-vacuum, iipowders okanye izidlo ezikhaphukhaphu.I-CarePac iqaphela ukuba umaleko we-polyester (okanye i-nylon) oqinileyo uthintela ukubhoboka kwaye ufanelekile ukuvalwa nge-vacuum.Enyanisweni, uninzi lweeprosesa lukhetha i-PET/PE kwiimveliso ezihlala ixesha eliphakathi kwaye zisebenzisa ubume obufakwe kwi-embossed (ukuba zisebenzisa oomatshini bokufunxa) ukuqinisa ukutywinwa..Iingxowa zePET/PE ziyahambelana nazo zonke iimatshini zokupakisha i-vacuum, nangona zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiiyunithi zegumbi (amanqanaba aphezulu e-vacuum anokwenzeka).
Iifilimu Ezinemiqobo Emininzi (i-EVOH, i-PVDC, njl.njl.)
•Iingxowa ezisekwe kwi-EVOH:Ukuze ihlale ixesha elide, ii-laminate ezinee-layer ezininzi zifaka i-barrier resin efana ne-EVOH (i-ethylene-vinyl alcohol). Izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo yi-PA/EVOH/PE okanye i-PE/EVOH/PE. I-EVOH core inika izinga eliphantsi kakhulu lokuhambisa ioksijini, ngelixa i-nylon okanye i-PET ejikelezileyo yongeza amandla oomatshini kunye nokutywinwa..Olu dibaniso luvelisa umqobo omkhulu: Iingxowa ze-EVOH zicothisa kakhulu i-oxidation kunye nokufuduka komswakama. Ezinye iingcaliIngxelo ithi xa kuthelekiswa neengxowa ze-PA/PE, ii-laminate ze-EVOH zinceda ekufumaneni ixesha elide lokuhlala efrijini okanye ekhenkcezisweni kunye nokulahleka okuncinci kwemveliso.
•Iipropati:Ifilimu ye-EVOH ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwaye iguquguquka, kodwa kwiingxowa ze-vacuum zigqunywe phakathi kweengqimba ezingacacanga.Ezi ngxowa zigcina ukuthembeka kokutywina okufunekayo xa ziqandisiwe, kwaye umaleko we-PE ukhusela i-EVOH kumswakama.Zihlala zinobunzima obuhle bokubhoboza kwiileya ze-PA.Lilonke, zidlula i-PA/PE elula kwi-oxygen kunye ne-aroma barrier ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla okutywina.
•Izicelo:Iingxowa zokucoca ezithwala imiqobo ephezulu ze-EVOH zilungele inyama entsha/eqandisiweyo, iinkukhu kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle ekufuneka zithunyelwe kude okanye zigcinwe ixesha elide. Zikwasebenza nokutya okunexabiso eliphezulu okanye okunomoya-mpilo obuthathaka njengetshizi, amandongomane, iziqhamo eziphelelwe ngamanzi okanye ukutya okulungisiweyo okuphezulu kunye neesosi. Nakuphi na ukutya okubandayo okanye okuqandisiweyo apho umgangatho (umbala, incasa, ubume) kufuneka ugcinwe, ingxowa ye-EVOH lukhetho olukhuselekileyo.. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo Kulungilekwiinyama ezibandayo kunye nobisi, kunye nolwelo (iisuphu, i-kimchi, iisosi) kwiingxowa ezifakwe ebhokisini.Ngamafutshane, khetha iingxowa ze-EVOH nanini na xa ufuna umqobo ophezulu—iimeko ezifana neemveliso zenyama ezingaphantsi kwe-vide okanye isitokhwe sexesha elide.
•Eminye Imiqobo:Iifilimu ezigqunywe ngePVDC (ezisetyenziswa kwitshizi okanye kwiingxowa zenyama ezicociweyo) zibonelela ngokufikelela okuphantsi kwe-O₂, nangona iingxaki zomthetho nezokucubungula zithintele ukusetyenziswa kwePVDC..Iifilimu ezenziwe ngesinyithi ze-vacuum (i-PET okanye i-PA egqunywe nge-aluminium) nazo ziyayiphucula imiqobo (jonga icandelo elilandelayo).
Iingxowa zokucoca umoya ze-aluminium foil (zenziwe ngesinyithi)
Ikofu, iti okanye iziqholo ezivalwe nge-vacuum zihlala zisebenzisa iingxowa ezine-laminated ze-aluminium ukuze zikhuseleke ngcono. Iileya ze-aluminium foil ezikwingxowa zibonelela ngomqobo opheleleyo ekukhanyeni, kwi-oksijini nakumswakama. Iingxowa eziqhelekileyo ze-foil-vacuum zineeleya ezintathu, umz. i-PET/AL/PE okanye i-PA/AL/PE. Ifilimu yangaphandle ye-PET (okanye i-PA) inika ukumelana nokubhoboza kunye namandla oomatshini, i-AL foil ephakathi ivimba igesi kunye nokukhanya, kwaye i-PE yangaphakathi iqinisekisa ukutywinwa kobushushu okucocekileyo. Isiphumo sisithintelo esiphezulu esinokwenzeka ekupakishweni kwe-vacuum: phantse akukho moya okanye umphunga onokungena.
•Iipropati:Iingxowa ze-aluminium-laminate zinokuba lukhuni kodwa zibe nokumila; zibonisa ubushushu nokukhanya, zikhusela kwi-UV kunye notshintsho lobushushu. Zinzima kwaye azibonakali, ngoko umxholo ufihliwe, kodwa iimveliso zihlala zomile kwaye zingangcoliswanga..Ziphatha kakuhle iifriji ezinzulu kunye nokugcwalisa okushushu.(Qaphela: iingxowa zefoyile azifakwa kwi-oven ngaphandle kokuba ziphathwe ngokukodwa.)
•Izicelo:Sebenzisa iingxowa zefoyile kwizinto ezixabisa kakhulu okanye ezibola kakhulu. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ikofu kunye neti (ukugcina ivumba elimnandi kunye nokutsha), ukutya okomisiweyo ngomgubo okanye okuqandisiweyo, amandongomane, kunye nemifuno. Kwinkonzo yokutya, iingxowa zesous-vide okanye ze-boil-in-bag zihlala zisebenzisa ifoyile. Zikwagqwesa kwiimveliso zamayeza kunye neevithamini. Kwiimeko zoshishino, iingxowa ze-foyile zipakisha iindawo ezinomswakama/ezinomoya ophantsi kunye ne-elektroniki..Ngokwenyani, nayiphi na imveliso eya kubola xa ichaphazeleka yioksijini okanye ukukhanya izuza kwi-laminate yefoyile. Umzekelo, amagqabi eti afakwe kwi-vacuum (njengoko kubonisiwe ngasentla) agcina incasa yawo ixesha elide kwibhegi yefoyile kunakwiplastiki nje eqhelekileyo.
•Ukuhambelana koomatshini:Iingxowa zefoyile ye-aluminiyam zihlala zigudile kwayeabanye beezi ngxowa zivalwe kwiimashini ezinzima.umatshini wokupakisha we-vacuum wangaphandlebangazicubungula ezi ngxowa ngaphandle kwengxaki.
| Uhlobo lokutya | Izinto ezicetyiswayo zeNgxowa yeVacuum | Izizathu/Amanqaku |
| Inyama Entsha/Eqandisiweyo kunye neNkukhu (efakwe emathanjeni) | I-laminate ye-PA/PE (inayiloni/PE) | Umaleko we-nylon uyamelana nokubhobozwa kwamathambo; izitywino eziqinileyo xa kushushu efrijini. Ixesha elide lokuhlala eshelufini. |
| Inyama Engatyiwayo, Intlanzi | Ingxowa ye-PA/PE okanye ye-PET/PE | I-nylon icetyiswa ukhuseleko lokubhoboza; i-polyester/PE icacile, ifanelekile ukuba amathambo asusiwe. |
| Itshizi kunye nobisi | I-PA/PE okanye i-PA/EVOH/PE | I-oksijini ebuthathaka: I-PA inika ukhuselo lokuthintela kunye nokubhoboza; i-EVOH ukuze ihlale ixesha elide eshelufini (iipokotshi zetshizi ye-vacuum). |
| Iimbotyi zekofu, Amagqabi eti, Iziqholo | Ingxowa ye-foil-laminate (umz. PET/AL/PE) | Isithintelo esipheleleyo kwi-O₂ kunye nokukhanya; sigcina ivumba elimnandi. Sisetyenziswa rhoqo ngevalvu yendlela enye yokukhupha igesi. |
| Amantongomane kunye neMbewu | Ibhegi yefoyile okanye ye-EVOH | Ubungakanani bamafutha amaninzi buyenza i-oxidize; sebenzisa i-foil okanye i-high-barrier ukuthintela ukurhawuzelelwa. Iipakethi ze-vacuum/SV. |
| Imifuno eqandisiweyo, Iziqhamo | Ingxowa ye-PA/PE okanye ye-PET/PE | Ifuna ibhegi ekhuselekileyo kwifriji; i-PA/PE yemifuno enzima; i-PET/PE yeziqwenga ezikhaphukhaphu. (I-MAP ikwaqhelekile.) |
| Ukutya Okuphekiweyo/Okulungisiweyo | Ingxowa ye-PA/PE okanye ye-EVOH, ifomu yengxowa | Iioyile kunye nokufuma: Iipakethi ze-PA/PE ziphatha iisosi; i-EVOH yephakheji yokuphola ixesha elide. |
| Izinto ezomileyo (Umgubo, irayisi) | Ingxowa yokufunxa i-PET/PE okanye i-LDPE | Umqobo weoksijini uyafuneka kodwa umngcipheko uphantsi; iifilimu ezilula ziyamkeleka. |
| Ibhekile (Isonka, iiPastries) | I-PA/PE okanye i-PET/PE | Uqweqwe olubukhali: i-nylon ithintela ukukrazuka; igqunywe nge-embossed ukuze ivale ngokukhawuleza iimilo ezingaqhelekanga. |
| Ulwelo (Isuphu, Isitokhwe) | Ibhegi ye-PA/PE ethe tyaba okanye ye-PET/PE | Sebenzisa isixhobo sokutywina igumbi (ibhegi ethe tyaba) ukuze ukhuphe ulwelo. I-PA/PE ukuze utywine ngokuqinileyo. |
| Iikiti zamayeza/zezonyango | Umqobo ophezulu we-PA/PE | Isithintelo esicocekileyo nesingenazintsholongwane; ngokuqhelekileyo i-PA/PE okanye i-PA/EVOH/PE xa kupakishwa umoya. |
| Izixhobo zombane/Iinxalenye | Ingxowa ye-PA/PE okanye yeFoyile | Sebenzisa ibhegi elaminethiweyo engashukumiyo okanye ibhegi yefoyile ene-desiccant. Ikhusela kumswakama kunye nokungashukumi. |
| Amaxwebhu/ii-Archives | Ingxowa engena-asidi ye-polyester (Mylar) okanye i-PE | Ifilimu engasebenzisi mandla; i-vacuum kunye nomoya ongasebenziyo uthintela ukufuma kunye nezinambuzane. |
Izicelo zeMizi-mveliso kunye nezoLondolozo lweeNkcukacha
Nangona ukutya yeyona nto iphambili, iingxowa zokucoca ezithintela imiqobo emininzi zinezinye iindlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu:
•Izixhobo ze-elektroniki nezesinyithi:Njengoko kuphawuliwe, iingxowa zokucoca i-PA/PE okanye ze-foil zikhusela izinto ezibuthathaka kumswakama ngexesha lokuthunyelwa. Indawo yokucoca i-vacuum kunye ne-desiccant inokuthintela i-oxidation okanye ukubola kweendawo zesinyithi..Ngokungafaniyo nokutya, apha umntu unokuhlamba i-nitrogen ngaphambi kokuba ayivale..Oomatshini be-DJVAC (abanezikliphu ezifanelekileyo kunye nolawulo) baphatha ezi foil zityebileyo okanyei-aluminiumiingxowa.
•Ukugcinwa koxwebhu:Ukupakisha ii-archive kudla ngokusebenzisa iifilimu ezingasebenzisi zixhobo zokucoca ezivaliweyo (ezifana ne-polyethylene ekumgangatho ophezulu okanye i-polyester/Mylar) ukuthintela i-oxygen kunye nezinambuzane.Ngokwenza ingxowa engangeni moya, amaxwebhu ephepha ayakuphepha ukuba tyheli kunye nokungunda.Umgaqo ofanayo - ukunciphisa ioksijini - uyasebenza njengasekutyeni: iphakheji engenamoya yandisa ixesha elide.
•Amayeza kunye nezonyango:Iikiti zonyango ezingeyontsholongwane zivalwa nge-vacuum kwiingxowa ezinemiqobo ephezulu. Iingxowa ze-PA/PE zixhaphakile apha, ngamanye amaxesha zinezikhuko ezikrazukileyo. Ifilimu kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho ye-FDA okanye yezonyango.
Kuzo zonke ezi meko, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusebenzisa ifilimu elinganiswe ngokwemeko-bume yemveliso (umz. i-halogen-free for electronics, umgangatho wokugcina amaxwebhu).Oomatshini bokutshiza i-vacuum be-DJVAC banokusingatha uluhlu lwee-laminates kunye nobukhulu beengxowa, ngoko ke abathengi kufuneka bachaze ifilimu abayifunayo..
Ukukhetha Izinto Ezifanelekileyo Zengxowa Yokugalela I-Vacuum
Xa ukhetha ingxowa ye-vacuum, cinga ngoku:
•Iimfuno zeSithintelo:Imveliso mayihlale intsha ixesha elingakanani kwaye phantsi kwaziphi iimeko? Ukuba kufuneka ifriji yexesha elifutshane kuphela, ibhegi eqhelekileyo ye-PA/PE okanye ye-PET/PE inokwanela.Kwindawo yokugcina ekhenkcezisiweyo kangangeenyanga ezininzi okanye iimveliso ezinobuthathaka kakhulu, sebenzisa i-EVOH okanye ii-laminates zefoyile ezineiphantsi kakhuluUthumelo lwe-O₂.
•Ukhuseleko lweMishini:Ngaba le nto inokuba nemiphetho ebukhali okanye iza kuphathwa ngendlela erhabaxa? Emva koko beka phambili ukumelana nokugqobhoka (ii-laminate ezityebileyo kwi-nylon okanye i-texturing enemibala).Iindawo ezinkulu zoshishino okanye inyama emathanjeni zifuna iifilimu eziqinileyo.
•Indlela yokutywina:Zonke iingxowa ze-vacuum zixhomekeke ekutywinweni kobushushu.I-PE (LDPE okanye i-LLDPE) lulwaleko oluqhelekileyo lokutywina.Qinisekisa ukuba ubushushu bokuvala bebhegi buhambelana neebha zobushushu zomatshini wakho.Ezinye iifilimu ezinomqobo ophezulu zinokufuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okutywina okanye uxinzelelo olunzima lwe-clamp.
•Ukhuseleko lokutya kunye neMigqaliselo:Sebenzisa iifilimu zokutya ezivunyiweyo yi-FDA/GB.I-DJVAC isebenzisana nabathengisi beengxowa ababonelela ngezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo nezinxibelelana nokutya. Kwiimarike zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, iifilimu zihlala zifuna amaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho.
•Ixabiso vs. Ukusebenza:Iingxowa ze-EVOH okanye ze-foil ezinemiqobo ephezulu zibiza kakhulu.Linganisa iindleko neemfuno zobomi beshelufu.Umzekelo, amantongomane apakishwe nge-vacuum alungiselelwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe asenokuthethelela iingxowa zefoyile, ngelixa ukuqandisa ekhaya kunokusebenzisa iingxowa ze-PA/PE ezilula.
Enyanisweni, abaprosesa badla ngokuvavanya iingxowa zesampulu. Abavelisi abaninzi baya kubonelela ngeeroli zovavanyo okanye amaphepha ovavanyo lwabathengi..Chaza imveliso yakho (umz. “iziqwenga zenkukhu ezikhenkcezisiweyo”), ixesha elifunekayo lokuyibeka eshelufini, kunye nendlela yokuyipakisha ukuze ufumane isakhiwo esicetyiswayo.
Isiphelo
Oomatshini bokupakisha nge-vacuum zizixhobo eziguquguqukayo, kodwa bafuna izinto ezifanelekileyo zebhegi ukuze basebenze kakuhle.Oomatshini bokupakisha abasebenzisa i-vacuum be-DJVAC banokusebenzisa zonke iintlobo zeengxowa ezinkulu ezithengiswayo - ukusuka kwiingxowa ze-PA/PE eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwiingxowa ze-EVOH ezinemiqobo ephezulu kunye nee-laminates ze-foil eziqinileyo..Ngokuqonda iimpawu zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo (amandla okuthintela, ukumelana nobushushu, ukuqina kokubhoboza) nokuzifanisa nokusetyenziswa kwazo (inyama, itshizi, ikofu, amandongomane, njl.njl.), abavelisi banokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwayo..Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenzisa ibhegi elungileyo kunye nomatshini ofanelekileyo (ofakwe i-embossed vs. flat, igumbi vs. suction) kwandisa inqanaba le-vacuum kunye nokuthembeka kwe-seal. Ngamafutshane, xa usebenzisa umatshini wokupakisha we-DJVAC vacuum, khetha izinto zebhegi ezibonelela ngokhuseleko olufunekayo kwimveliso yakho kwaye zihambelane noyilo lomatshini. Ngale ndlela, uya kufikelela kwixesha elide lokuhlala, ukubonakala okungcono kunye nezona zitywini zithembekileyo - zonke zibalulekile kwimpumelelo yokutya kunye nokupakisha kwimizi-mveliso.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-19-2025
Ifowuni: 0086-15355957068
E-mail: sales02@dajiangmachine.com




