Upakisho lweModmosphere oluGuquliweyo (iMAP): Imixube yeGesi yoLondolozo lokutya

Upakisho lweMozulu oluGuquliweyo(MAP) yindlela yokugcina apho umoya wendalo ngaphakathi kwiphakheji utshintshwa ngumxube olawulwayo weegesi – ngesiqhelo ioksijini, ikharbon diokside, kunye nenitrogen – ukugcina ukutya kutsha ixesha elide. Ngokucothisa iinkqubo zeekhemikhali nezebhayoloji ezikhokelela ekonakalisweni, i-MAP inokwandisa ubomi beshelufu kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, yonyusa ubutsha ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa nokupakishwa komoya okuqhelekileyo. Olu kuqina lude alunciphisi nje kuphela inkunkuma yokutya kodwa lukwaxhasa ukusasazwa komgama omde kwaye ludla ngokuvumela abaprosesa ukuba banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokugcina ukutya.

Iindima Zokusebenza Zegesi Nganye Kwi-MAP

Igesi nganye kumxube we-MAP inegalelo kumsebenzi othile:

• Ioksijini (O₂)
Ioksijini ixhasa umbala kunye nokutsha kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Umzekelo, inyama ebomvu igcina umbala wayo obomvu oqaqambileyo we-oxymyoglobin xa ivezwa kumanqanaba aphezulu eoksijini, ngesiqhelo malunga nama-70-80%. Kwiziqhamo nemifuno, inani elincinci leoksijini (malunga ne-2-5%) lisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ukuphefumla kwendalo. Nangona kunjalo, ioksijini egqithisileyo ikhawulezisa ukubola kwamafutha kwaye inciphise ixesha lokuhlala, ngoko ke ubukho bayo kufuneka bulawulwe ngononophelo.

• I-Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
I-carbon dioxide isebenza kakhulu njengegesi yokulwa neentsholongwane. Xa i-CO₂ inyibilika kumswakama ophezu kwemveliso, yenza i-carbonic acid ebuthathaka enceda ekuthinteleni ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezibolileyo kunye nomngundo. Imixube ye-MAP idla ngokuxhomekeka kwi-20–30% ye-CO₂. Amanqanaba aphezulu anokwandisa ixesha lokugcinwa, kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-CO₂ ifunxwa ekutyeni, inokubangela ukuwohloka kwephakheji ngaphandle kokuba ilinganiswe ne-nitrogen.

• I-nitrogen (N₂)
I-nitrogen ayisebenzi kwaye ayisebenzi xa idibene nokutya. Injongo yayo ephambili kukususa ioksijini nokugcina ulwakhiwo lwephakheji, ingakumbi xa i-CO₂ ifunxwa kwimveliso. Ngokwesiqhelo yenza ipesenti eseleyo yomxube wegesi (idla ngokuba yi-50–80%) xa amanqanaba e-O₂ kunye ne-CO₂ emiselwe.

Isishwankathelo:

•O₂igcina umbala kunye nokuphefumla,
•CO₂ithintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane,
•N₂inika ivolumu kunye nozinzo.

Ukutya okwahlukeneyo kufuna imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yale gesi, njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi.

Inyama eluhlaza kunye neenkukhu

Inyama ebomvu eluhlaza

Inyama ebomvu entsha, njengenyama yenkomo, yegusha, neyehagu – zihlala zixhomekeke kwi-MAP eneoksijini eninzi. Iipakethi zokuthengisa kunye nezokuthengisa ngobuninzi zihlala zisebenzisa umxube we65% O₂kunye ne-35% ye-CO₂Ukubakho kweoksijini enamandla kugcina inyama ibomvu, ngelixa i-CO₂ inceda ekucothiseni ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ze-aerobic. Kwezinye iimeko, abaprosesa banokunciphisa ioksijini malunga ne-5% ukuze bafumane ixesha elongezelelweyo lokugcinwa. Nasiphi na isithuba esiseleyo sidla ngokuba yi-nitrogen okanye sishiywe sikufutshane ne-vacuum.

Iinkuku eziluhlaza

Iinkukhu kunye neentaka zezilwanyana zasendle (inkukhu, iturkey, i-pheasant) azidingi oksijini kwiphakheji. Umxube oqhelekileyo ngu0% O₂, malunga ne-30% ye-CO2₂, kunye ne-70% N₂Ngenxa yokuba inyama yenkukhu inombala okhanyayo ngokwemvelo, ioksijini ayincedi ekubonakaleni. I-CO₂ inika ulawulo lweentsholongwane, ngelixa i-nitrogen iqinisekisa ukuba iphakheji igcina imo yayo. Ezinye iiprosesa ezinkulu zisebenzisaI-CO100%₂ukuze kugcinwe kakhulu.

Into ephambili ekufuneka uyithathe:

•Inyama ebomvu ixhamla kwimixube eneoksijini eninzi ukuze igcine umbala.
•Iinkukhu zigcinwa kakuhle ngeCO₂/N₂umxube ongenaoksijini.

Uvavanyo luhlala lucetyiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe okokugqibela.

Iintlanzi Ezintsha Nezokutya Kwaselwandle

Ukwakheka kweMAP okufanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekubeni intlanzi ayinamafutha amaninzi okanye ityebile.

Intlanzi eluhlaza enamafutha aphantsi kunye ne-shellfish

Iintlobo zeentlanzi ezimhlophe (i-cod, i-haddock, i-bass) kunye ne-shellfish ezininzi (ii-shrimp, ii-mussels, ii-scallops) zihlala zisebenzisa30% O₂, 40% CO2₂, kunye ne-30% N₂Ioksijini inceda ukugcina umbala wendalo, i-CO₂ iyacothisa umsebenzi weentsholongwane, kwaye i-N₂ izalisa indawo eseleyo. Kwimithwalo emikhulu okanye eqandisiweyo, iiprosesa zinokutshintshela kwi70% CO₂/ 30% N₂yokugcina ixesha elide.

Intlanzi eluhlaza enamafutha aphezulu

Iintlanzi ezinamafutha ezifana nesalmon, i-tuna, i-mackerel kunye ne-sardines zipakishwengaphandle kweoksijinikuba iioyile zabo zibila ngokukhawuleza. Umxube weMAP oqhelekileyo ngu40% CO₂kunye ne-60% N₂Abanye abavelisi bonyusa i-CO₂ ukuya kwi-50–70% ukuze bafumane ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo. I-salmon ethengiswayo idla ngokusebenzisa40/60 CO₂/N₂, ngelixa i-tuna ingasebenzisa i-CO₂ engama-30–40% kunye ne-nitrogen eyenza ibhalansi. Iipakethi ezinkulu ngamanye amaxesha zisebenzisa70% CO₂/ 30% N₂.

Isishwankathelo:

•Ukutya kwaselwandle okutyebileyo kudla ngokusetyenziswa~30% O₂,
•Iintlanzi ezinamafutha zixhomekeke kakhuluCO₂/N₂imixube ene0% ioksijini.

Nokuba umxube unjani, i-MAP ihlala isebenza kakuhle xa idibene nolawulo olufanelekileyo lwe-cold-chain.

Inyama, Intlanzi kunye neenkukhu eziphekiweyo nezicoliweyo

Nje ukuba inyama okanye intlanzi iphekiwe okanye ilungisiwe, umbala uyaqina kwaye injongo itshintshela ekuthinteleni ukungunda kunye nokonakala kweentsholongwane.

Inyama Ephekiweyo okanye Ecoliweyo

Izinto ezifana neham, iisoseji, kunye nesalami zihlala zisetyenziswaI-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂Kwizicelo ezininzi okanye zokuthumela ngaphandle, abaprosesa banokunyusa i-CO₂ ukuya kwiI-CO50%₂/ 50% N₂Ioksijini igcinwa kwi-zero.

Intlanzi Etshayiweyo okanye Ephilisweyo

Isalmon etshayiweyo kunye neemveliso ezifanayo zihlala zisebenzisaI-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂kwiitreyi zokuthengisa. Kwindawo yokugcina ixesha elide,70/30 CO₂/N₂umxube ungafakwa.

Iinkuku eziphekiweyo/eziphilisiweyo

Iimveliso ze-turkey ezisikiweyo okanye zenkukhu ezicutshungulweyo zilandela le ndlela ifanayo:

•Ivenkile:I-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂
•Ubuninzi:70% CO₂/ 30% N₂

Kulo lonke olu didi, ioksijini ihlala injalo0%.

Ukutya Okulungisiweyo kunye nokutya Okuxutyiweyo

Ukutya okulungisiweyo okufana nezitya zepasta, izityu, okanye iipizza ngokuqhelekileyo kuvalwa ngeIMEPHU Engenawo ioksijiniEyona ngxubevange ixhaphakileyo yiI-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂Kwindawo yokugcina impahla ngaphandle okanye ende, abaprosesa banokukhethaI-CO50%₂/ 50% N₂.

Le mixube iyacothisa ukukhula kweentsholongwane kwimixube yezithako. Ngenxa yokuba ukutya okulungisiweyo kwahluka kakhulu, iireyithi zokuqala zisetyenziswa njengeengongoma zesalathiso kwaye kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngovavanyo.

Iimveliso zePasta kunye neeBhakari

Ipasta entsha

Ipasta entsha, engaphekwanga (efana neravioli, iinoodles, okanye itortellini) idla ngokupakishwa phantsi kwepaniI-CO50%₂/ 50% N₂Umxube. Ioksijini ayifumaneki ngokupheleleyo.

Iimveliso zeBheri

Isonka, iibhanisi, iitortilla, kunye neekeyiki zidla ngokuxhomekeka kuzoI-CO50%₂/ 50% N₂kwiivenkile. Ukuze kusasazwe ngobuninzi, i-CO₂ inokunyuka iye kwi70%(70% CO₂ / 30% N₂). I-nitrogen ithintela ukuqhekeka kwephakheji, ngelixa i-CO₂ ithintela ukukhula kwesikhunta. Ioksijini ihlala iphantse ibe yi-zero ukuthintela ukonakala okanye ukurhawuzelelwa.

Itshizi (Iqinile, Ithambile, Igcadiwe)

Iitshizi eziqinileyo okanye ezindala

Iimveliso ezifana neParmesan okanye iCheddar endala zihlala zipakishwaI-CO100%₂okanye ivalwe nge-vacuum. Le ndlela isebenza kakhulu ekucinezeleni ukungunda.

Iitshizi ezithambileyo nezisikiweyo

Itshizi ekhrimu, iBrie, itshizi yekottage, kunye ne-mozzarella eqoshiweyo zihlala zisetyenziswaI-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂I-nitrogen izinzisa upakisho, ngelixa i-CO₂ inciphisa ukukhula kweentsholongwane.

Isishwankathelo:

•Itshizi eqinileyo →I-CO100%₂
•Itshizi ethambileyo nenqunqiweyo →I-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂

Imifuno, iiSaladi, kunye neziqhamo

Imveliso Entsha Epheleleyo

Iziqhamo nemifuno epheleleyo zihlala zifuna ulungelelwano oluthambileyo oluxhasa ukuphefumla ngaphandle kokukhuthaza ukonakala. Umxube oqhelekileyo weMAP uyasebenza.5% O₂, 5% CO2₂, kunye ne-90% N₂Le ndawo ingenaoksijini inciphisa ukuphefumla kwaye itshintshe umbala ube mdaka. Le ngxube isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiisaladi, imifuno enamagqabi, amaqunube, kunye neziqhamo ezisikiweyo.

Imifuno Ephekiweyo okanye Enqunyiweyo

Imifuno elungisiweyo iziphatha ngendlela efanayo nokutya okulungisiweyo. Zidla ngokusebenzisaI-CO30%₂/ 70% N₂ngaphandle kweoksijini. Le ndlela isebenza kakuhle kwizinto ezifana neesaladi zeetapile okanye izitya zemifuno exutyiweyo.

Ingongoma ephambili:

Imveliso entsha ifuna ioksijini encinci (~5%), ngelixa imifuno ephekiweyo ixhomekeke kwiCO₂ ephezulu (~30%).

Ukutya okomileyo

Izinto ezomileyo ezifana nekofu, amandongomane, izidlo ezikhawulezayo, iti, iziqholo, kunye nomgubo zihlala zivalwe nge100% N₂I-nitrogen ithintela i-oxidation kwaye yandisa ixesha lokuphelelwa kwayo.

Ukukhetha Izixhobo zeMAP (i-DJPACK)

Ukuxuba igesi ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile kwi-MAP esebenzayo. I-DJPACK (iWenzhou Dajiang) yenza uluhlu lwee-sealers ze-MAP zetreyi ezenzelwe ukuhlanjwa kwegesi ngokuchanekileyo. Itafile ephezuluI-DJT-400Gkunye nendawo yokuma phantsiI-DJL-400Vziyakwazi ukubonelela ngemilinganiselo ye-O₂/CO₂/N₂ ehambelanayo ngokweemfuno zokutya ezahlukeneyo–ukusuka kwinyama entsha ukuya kwizidlo ezilungisiweyo okanye iisaladi. Sikwanazo neemodeli ezahlukeneyo ezilungele iimfuno zakho. Ukuba unomdla kwiimashini zethu, nceda ucofe ku-“Products→Iimashini zokuPakisha zeMozulu eziGuquliweyo"cofa iqhosha ukuze ufunde okungakumbi."

Ngamava angaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 kumatshini wokupakisha, izixhobo ze-DJPACK zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngabaprosesa kwiIYurophu, iOstreliya, Ai-siakunye nezinye iimarike eziphuhlileyoNokuba umthengi ufuna umlinganiselo wegesi ongakanani na, izixhobo zethu zinokuwufikelela, kwaye ukuchaneka kokuxuba igesi kuhlala kuphezulu.99%. OurOomatshini beMAP bokutshintsha iVacuum bahlala bencamathisela malunga99.5%.

Ukhuseleko, Uvavanyo, kunye noQinisekiso loMgangatho

Imilinganiselo ye-MAP yimigaqo-nkqubo-ayiyo imithetho esisigxina. Ukusebenza okwenyani kuxhomekeke kwindlela eveliswe ngayo imveliso, izinto zokupakisha, ubushushu, kunye neemeko zokugcina. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, yonke iprosesa kufuneka yenze uvavanyo lokwenyani-lobomi beshelufu ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxube we-MAP okhethiweyo ufezekisa iziphumo ezicetywayo.

Amanyathelo okuqinisekisa umgangatho afana nokufumanisa ukuvuza kunye nohlalutyo lwegesi kwindawo ejikeleze i-headspace nawo abaluleke ngokulinganayo. Nokuba ukuvuza okuncinci kunokonakalisa umoya ongaphakathi kwiphakheji. I-MAP kufuneka isetyenziswe rhoqo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuyigcina efrijini, ucoceko, kunye neendlela zokuphatha.

Isikhanyeli:

Iireyithi zegesi ezikwesi sikhokelo ziindawo zokuqala ezicetyiswayo. Soloko uqinisekisa umxube ngokuvavanya imveliso.

Isiphelo

Ukupakisha i-Atmosphere eGuquliweyo kwenza abavelisi bokutya bakwazi ukucothisa ukonakala ngokulungelelanisa okusingqongileyo ngaphakathi kwiphakheji. Ioksijini inceda ukugcina umbala, ikhabhoni diokside ithintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane, kwaye i-nitrogen izinzisa iphakheji. Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo eboniswe kwitshathi yokuxuba igesi, abaprosesa banokukhetha imixube efanelekileyo yokuqalisa inyama, ukutya kwaselwandle, itshizi, imifuno, izinto zokubhaka, ukutya okulungisiweyo, nokunye.

I-MAP isebenza kakuhle xa idibene noomatshini abachanekileyo kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lomgangatho. Xa isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zihlala zintsha, zikhuselekile, kwaye zilungele imakethi- ixhasa uthungelwano olude lokubonelela ngelixa inciphisa inkunkuma.

Iingcebiso ezikweli nqaku zishwankathela iindlela eziqhelekileyo zoshishino kunye nezikhokelo zesayensi. Useto lokugqibela lweMAP kufuneka lusekelwe rhoqo kuvavanyo lwemveliso yomthengi ngamnye kunye neemfuno zokugcina.